Safety as an emergent property: Investigation into the work practices of high-reliability framing crews

With regards to safety, the challenge for researchers and practitioners is to develop work systems that can achieve at the same time high levels of productivity and safety. Towards this objective, this research investigates the work practices of high-reliability crews-that is, crews who perform high-risk work with exceptionally high productivity and safety. The objective of the research is to increase understanding of the work practices that reduce the likelihood of accidents while at the same time increase productivity. This paper presents the findings of an initial exploratory study that compares the work practices of two residential framing crews: one crew with consistently exceptional levels of safety and productivity, and one average-performing crew from the same company. The two crews did not show any difference in safety practices-both crews had high compliance with the company's safety requirements. However, the production practices of the high-reliability crew were shaped by a clear "guiding principle," which is a strong focus on avoiding errors and rework, and by specific strategies that support this principle. Such strategies include actions to prevent disruptions, controlling the production pressures, matching skills with task demands, and carefully preparing and coordinating the high demand tasks. These practices prevent production errors while also reducing the likelihood of accidents. The findings provide directions for further research.