BIM-based combination of takt time and discrete event simulation for implementing just in time in construction scheduling under constraints

Because of the complexity of construction projects, the use of building information modeling (BIM) has become a more efficient solution. The main problems with conventional methods, such as the critical path method and program evaluation and review technique, are the lack of precision in predicting time due to the dynamics of the construction process. One solution is to combine planning models with discrete event simulation (DES) and BIM to simulate the dynamic environment to reduce uncertainties. Likewise, DES is used to implement just in time (JIT). A problem with JIT implementation using DES in the construction industry is a lack of accurate measurement of the optimum time for each process. Meanwhile, takt time, one of the main techniques in JIT, was used in this research to achieve the optimal time of each process and was combined with DES to solve this problem. First, a 4D BIM model was developed to extract data. Then, takt time was used to achieve optimal time for each activity, and eventually, a DES was performed. The results of this study indicate that the proposed framework using takt time and its combination with DES to integrate BIM with JIT will lead to realistic and optimal planning.