Lacey, W E (1964) Change order procedures and practices in California school construction. EdD thesis, University of Southern California, USA.
Abstract
[Extract from Chapter 1] In an era of rapidly expanding school enrollments, the construction of school buildings has demanded a large proportion of the time and the energies of the school administrator. Most school administrators do not have extensive training or experience in construction and as a result find that they must devote an inordinate proportion of their time in understanding the problems pertaining thereto. In a perfect situation, one would expect that the educational planning which had resulted in the architect’s plans for a school building would naturally result in a construction program free from difficulties or delays. However, for various reasons, this perfect situation seems never to exist. As a result, changes in the directions given to the contractor as deviations from the original plans and specifications commonly become part of the construction program. These changes in their written form are known as “change orders.” As these change orders are incorporated into the construction process, they become part and parcel of the contract documents and as such are of great importance to the school administrator. It is of vital importance for the school administrator concerned with construction to understand the significance and function of the change order. This study was made to analyze the legal provisions, the existing practices, and the recommendations of selected school business officials, architects, and county counsels as they pertain to the change order document and the change order procedure in school construction projects as a means of developing recommendations for desirable procedures and practices. The purpose of this study was to accumulate data that will be of value to the school administrator to assist him in making decisions in the course of administering a sound construction program. This study also aimed to secure recommendations of selected practicing school business officials, architects, and county counsels that would help the school administrator further in his function as administrator of his school construction program. Specifically, answers were sought to the following questions: (1)What should be the proper form and procedure in handling changes in construction projects through the use of a change order document? (2) What should be the proper method and procedure for fixing the cost attributable to a change contained in a change order document? (3) On what basis should the responsibility for the change order be assessed for the purpose of distributing the cost? (4) Are there lessons of value that could be learned from a study of a sampling of change orders that could have implications for the school administrator in administering the construction program?
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | construction project; specification; change order; training; architect |
| Index terms: | architect, sampling, enrolment, deviation, change order, construction process, program, school building, construction project, contract document, educational building construction, specification |
| Subjects: | contractual condition, production management, software systems, building construction, recruitment and enrolment, profession, construction type, data collection methods, financial and cost management |
| Topics: | Site Management, Education, Contract Administration, Design Practice, Digital Applications, Construction Technology, Roles and Professions, Project Management, Research Practice, Cost Management |
| Descriptive scope: | 3 PCE |
N.B. Descriptive scope is a count of how many of the five facets of empirical research are indicated by the words used in title, abstract and keywords. It is not intended as a judgement on the research; merely a count of the kind of word we would expect to indicate Phenomenon, Concepts, Theoretical framing, Empirical techniques, Analytical techniques. If all five are present, then a code of “5 PCTEA” will indicate this. If you feel the coding for this record is questionable, we welcome discussion around the terms we matched or the way we categorized them. The facet you would expect may not be coded, or a facet may be coded inappropriately. This can also bear on a larger question, of which facets should be treated as defining in construction management research. Please get in touch, and we will look at it. More details here