Computer integrated construction: project data model representation and use

"Computer Integrated Construction (CIC) aims to achieve comprehensive computerization of the construction process, through automation of information management and, in certain cases, automation of information production. A number of research projects at the Technion have aimed towards development of an 'Automated Building System', which is intended to produce most of the information required for design and construction. Its use could drastically reduce the labor resources required for these tasks and could also improve design quality. The research reported here aims to define the knowledge modules and databases of such a system, to develop an information model, and to test feasibility by implementing a module for structural design. The research is limited to rectangular shaped buildings. Initially, the parts of the system were defined. Knowledge Modules (computer programs incorporating knowledge-based technologies) advance the project through predefined design and planning stages. External data bases provide information on the physical and economic environment of the project. As a project advances, its data are accumulated in a Building Project Model. A User Interface enables architects and engineers to monitor and control the information produced at each stage. A Building Project data Model, which defines how the data are stored, was developed. The data model is object-oriented; its structure is defined by classes arranged in inheritance trees. Possible links between instances of the classes were also detailed. The model has three axes, which describe 1) a building's spaces; 2) its physical systems and parts, and 3) the activities and resources required for its construction. Each axis has three levels of detail. The model was implemented using the ""AutoLISP++"" development environment. An existing building was described in terms of the model, and the information stored was tested for completeness by means of automatic production of construction drawings. Finally, in order to show how a knowledge module can function using a building project model and external data bases, one module of the system (structural design) was implemented. At the general design stage, this module a) determines the most economic column spacings for the structure; b) selects an appropriate slab work assembly for each floor; and c) arranges the elements of each work assembly (columns and slab). At the detailed design stage, the dimensions of each element are detailed. Implementation was restricted to central core solutions and reinforced concrete slabs. Experimental runs showed that structural design of a typical eight story reinforced concrete office building can be performed within a few hours. A technique called Intelligent Parametric Templates (IPTs) was developed for automating structural design. The design process is based on selection of complete Work Assemblies (as defined in the Project Model) for the functional system requirements of a building's spaces. In the IPT paradigm, all of the knowledge about a work assembly required for its use (attributes, rules, formulae, queries, etc.), is stored in a form which parallels its definition in the project model. This research contributes a detailed definition of an automated building system, definition and implementation of the Building Project data Model, and development and implementation of both a structural design knowledge module and the IPT technique."