Bamboo's evolution as a sustainable material: A comprehensive exploration and practical integration as a structural element in concrete, bridge frameworks, and architectural perspectives

Currently, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly and sustainable materials. According to the report, industrial materials such as cement and steel rebar are the largest emission’s source that contribute to worsening global warming. Bamboo as an alternative steel material has been the focus of research investigating its performance. Research has been proposed by researchers, and the results should be emphasized. This article examines the state-of-the-art of bamboo in terms of its mechanical performance, improvements due to bamboo defects, and implementation in structural elements. Bamboo has been thoroughly explained, with a focus on the best bamboo treatment. The results show for high tensile strength and bonding strength to concrete can be obtained by soaking bamboo with epoxy and coating it with crushed angular glass particles. According to the article's findings, bamboo can be used for alternative reinforcing and structural frames, however, it is still more brittle than steel in structural applications. The best solution for using bamboo is as reinforcement on concrete slabs, its performance is superior to that steel-reinforced concrete slabs. Other components, meanwhile, are decent but still require work. But it doesn't end there. By pointing out potential directions and discussing applications in this area, this review will assist researchers in guiding their future work. This article also defines sustainability by using bamboo as an architectural perspective.