A systematic review of economic sustainability of vertical greenery systems in buildings

Urban areas have been significantly affected by climate change, leading to an increase in global temperatures. Nature-based solutions, including Vertical Greenery Systems (VGSs), are gaining increasing importance as means of mitigating the effects of climate change. Despite showing significant benefits, the adoption of VGS has been limited, primarily because of the high costs associated with it. This study assessed the economic feasibility of using VGSs to reduce the effects of climate change and enhance urban sustainability. 17 studies were evaluated in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to determine various costs, benefits, and economic indicators associated with VGS. Additionally, the net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period were thoroughly evaluated to gain insight into their long-term economic sustainability. The results show that, although the initial cost of VGS may be high, it can provide long-term financial benefits to building owners and operators through energy savings, increased property values, and reduced operational expenses. Nevertheless, the extended payback period and negative net present values for certain VGS types make them economically unsustainable. This review provides evidence-based guidelines and suggestions for the successful implementation of sustainable VGS.