Framework for the UK construction industry transition to net zero design: a Delphi techniques and structural equation model approach

The shift towards net zero design for the construction industry poses complex challenges, which can be likened to a three-headed hydra embodying energy, water, and carbon emissions. The industry stakeholders have grappled with addressing the challenges due to an ineffective reductionist approach that targets each head (energy, water, and carbon) separately. Recognizing their interdependence, this study proposes a holistic panacea approach to facilitate the industry's transition to net zero design. This was achieved using a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research methodology. The qualitative study was conducted using a three-stage Delphi technique involving 13 experts. Structural equation modeling was used for the quantitative involving 200 construction stakeholders selected randomly. The study discovered that net-zero design integrates sustainability concepts, such as net-zero energy, water, and carbon aimed at ensuring a sustainable built environment. Factors like innovation, organizational culture, and construction project management were identified as pivotal in steering the construction industry toward net zero design. The transition to net zero design can be impeded by poor cost management and restrictive organizational cultures. The study recommended that stakeholders in the construction industry should embrace a culture that supports the commitment to net zero design.