Analyzing the pros and cons of paper-based 2D drawings in construction: a survey of U.S. construction professionals

Despite the well-known weaknesses of paper-based 2D drawings like cross-referencing and the dependency on other documents and instructions, they continue to be widely used in construction sites across the US. These weaknesses can cause misinterpretation, errors, safety, and productivity issues on construction sites. This study aims to shed light on the reasons behind the enduring popularity of paper-based methods (e.g. 2D drawings) by understanding the pros and cons of traditional information delivery methods used by construction tradespeople. The methodology includes a survey examining the continued prevalence of paper-based drawings on construction sites despite the availability of computer workstations and tablets. The survey targeted professionals actively engaged in construction projects. The evaluation results revealed that although paper-based methods have significant shortcomings compared to digital methods, they also offer advantages that justify their ongoing use. The findings can help future efforts to improve information delivery methods in the construction industry by developing hybrid approaches that leverage the strengths of both paper-based and digital methods while mitigating their drawbacks. This could lead to a reduction in errors related to the interpretation of design and construction information, particularly by combining the reliability of paper-based documentation with the accessibility and efficiency of digital methods.