Design for safety among design professionals in the Botswanan construction industry

Design has been identified as a contributor to adverse occupational safety and health (OSH) outcomes in construction. Despite this, relatively few studies have focused on design for safety (DfS) within developing countries, Botswana being a prime example. This research investigated the extent of DfS implementation in Botswana’s construction industry and the factors that affect its implementation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among design professionals (i.e. architects and civil/structural engineers) in the Botswanan construction industry. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that a majority of respondents are aware of the concept of DfS and respondents generally consider DfS to be of high importance. Furthermore, there is a high willingness to apply DfS and a high interest in undertaking DfS-related professional development training. However, engagement in DfS practices is rather moderate and participation in DfS professional development training is low. Moreover, DfS legislation, as well as industry guides, is considered by designers to be the most influential factor for DfS implementation in Botswana. From the results, recommendations are given, including the inclusion of DfS requirements in OSH legislation and provision of DfS industry guides by the relevant design professional bodies.