Implementing and operating net zero buildings in South Africa

A total of 34 buildings in South Africa (ZA) have received a net zero certification between 2017 and 2023. These buildings are becoming more crucial to combatting climate change due to the reduced carbon emissions and resource efficiencies in net zero buildings (NZBs). However, in ZA, the uptake is low and slow. This study investigates the motivators and challenges of implementing and operating NZBs in ZA. Although the literature provides an insight into the motivators and challenges on a macro-scale in developed countries, these studies overlook the unique drivers and barriers faced in a micro-scale and developing countries. Semi-structured interviews with five built-environment specialists were conducted. The motivators to implement NZBs include environmental sustainability, energy-efficient systems, a reduction in the carbon footprint, viability due to long-term savings, limited natural resources, regulations, demand, global awareness and technological advancements. The motivators to operate NZBs include tenant demand and reduction in operating costs. Challenges to implement NZBs include high interest rates, a lack of awareness and education among stakeholders, a carbon-intensive energy grid, lack of tenant engagement and the grid’s inability to support privately generated electricity to be distributed to other consumers. The challenges to operate NZBs include high operating costs, complex operating manuals and a lengthy payback period.