Marmanillo, O Z (2021) Study of lean and complex adaptive mechanism to regulate the function of production planning and control in construction projects. PhD thesis, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile.
Abstract
La industria de Arquitectura, Ingeniería y Construcción (AEC) es una actividad económica relevante. Genera el 8% del PIB mundial mediante proyectos de capital, de alto costo y riesgo, e intrincadas redes de suministro. Pese a su importancia, la realización de un proyecto es a menudo problemática, presentado por ejemplo demoras y sobrecostos, y peor aún, la dificultad de los proyectos nuevos es cada vez mayor.Un aspecto crucial para la realización de un proyecto es el problema de la ´complejidad´. Esta característica sugiere que la interacción entre los elementos del proyecto y el nivel de incertidumbre son cruciales para su resultado final. En la actualidad, pese a que la evidencia sobre la importancia, rol e impacto de la complejidad crece notoriamente, el uso de conceptos tales como ´complejidad del proyecto´ aún no se ha extendido en la práctica.Una estrategia eficaz para afrontar problemas durante la ejecución de un proyecto se basa en la función de, planificación y control de la producción (PP&C). Esta función permite transformar resultados planeados en reales, mediante la articulación de actividades estratégicas y operativas en base a mecanismos constituidos por ´procesos de gestión´.No obstante, a pesar de los beneficios de la estrategia PP&C, ésta no aborda de forma regular el tema de la complejidad. A su vez, la complejidad de PP&C se puede dividir en 'complejidad de resultados' y 'complejidad estructural', donde ambos aspectos exhiben varias características desatendidas.Para abordar este problema, usando conceptos de 'Lean Management'´ y ´Complexity Science', esta investigación propone un nuevo mecanismo de PP&C. Este mecanismo proporciona una explicación causal y revela nuevas perspectivas y características sobre el trabajo de PP&C durante la etapa de construcción.Así, la presente tesis desarrolla una nueva herramienta llamada 'Sistema para la Función de Planificación y Control de la Producción' (sistema PCF) y prueba su viabilidad mediante una estrategia empírica influenciada por el método de 'estudio de caso' y el análisis de nueve proyectos. El sistema PCF se basa en un nuevo mecanismo para la gestión de PP&C y este documento discute tres de sus aspectos denominados: 'dinámica', 'estructura' y 'regulación'. Con este fin se analiza cinco proyectos ya finalizados (de áreas viales y mineras) y cuatro proyectos en proceso de construcción (en áreas de edificación en altura, vivienda en extensión e infraestructura hospitalaria).La implementación del sistema PCF reveló dos hallazgos principales sobre PP&C. Primero, los procesos de gestión de PP&C exhiben un patrón de propagación de variabilidad que impacta en su confiabilidad. Segundo, la complejidad de la estructura de gestión de la PP&C impacta su confiabilidad y en el progreso del proyecto.En consecuencia, el nuevo mecanismo ´lean´ y ´complejo adaptativo´ es considerado viable. Las implicaciones sugieren que el equilibrio entre la complejidad de proyecto (requerimientos) y la complejidad de PP&C (respuestas) genera valor durante la etapa de construcción, donde el nivel de complejidad de la PP&C es crítico para una respuesta adecuada. Aplicaciones potenciales incluyen la gestión estratégica de PP&C, y benchmarking de sistemas de PP&C entre proyectos, carteras y organizaciones. Las herramientas y mecanismo(s) del sistema PCF marcan la contribución de esta tesis.Finalmente, el uso combinado de Lean Management y de Complexity Science para el estudio de PP&C en proyectos de AEC sugiere una posible línea de investigación futura.Alternate abstract:The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industry is a relevant economic activity. It generates 8% of the world's GDP through expensive and risky capital projects and intricate supply networks. However, despite this importance, project delivery performance is problematic, e.g., it often exhibits delays and cost overruns, and to get things worse, new projects' requirements and delivery are increasingly more difficult.One crucial aspect subjacent to he performance of project delivery is the issue of 'complexity. Currently, despite the notorious growth of evidence on the importance, role, and impact of complexity, the use of concepts like 'project complexity' still is not widely adopted in practice. This feature suggests that crucial drivers of project behaviour are the interaction between the system's elements and its uncertainty level.One effective strategy to face issues on project delivery performance relies on the function of production, planning, and control (PP&C). This function relates strategical and operational actions for transforming intended into implemented outcomes over the project course. To do so, it relies on mechanisms often drive-by 'managerial processes'.Nonetheless, despite the benefits of the PP&C strategy, it disregards the regular use of complexity. In turn, this complexity of PP&C can be split into 'outcomes complexity' and 'structural complexity, where both aspects exhibit various unattended features.To address this issue, using 'Lean Management" and 'Complexity Science', this work proposes a new mechanism for PP&C. This mechanism provides a causal explanation, awareness, and new insight on the workflow features of PP&C over the construction stage.This thesis develops a new tool named 'System for the Function of Production Planning and Control' (PCF system) and tests its viability using an empirical research strategy influenced by the 'Case study' method to analyse nine construction projects. To do so, it analyses five already finished projects (in highway and mining areas) and four underconstruction projects (in story building, housing, and healthcare areas). The PCF system embodies a new causal mechanism, and this document discusses three of its aspects denoted: 'dynamics', 'structure,' and 'regulation'. The PCF system revealed two main findings of PP&C. First, PP&C's managerial processes exhibit a variability propagation pattern which impacts its reliability. Second, the complexity of the PP&C's structure impacts its reliability and the project progress.In consequence, the 'lean' and 'complex adaptive' mechanism is considered viable. The implications suggest that a complexity balance between project (requirements) and PP&C (responses) may drive the arising of value over the construction stage, where the PP&C's complexity plays a critical role in a good result. Potential applications involve strategical management and benchmarking of PP&C systems across projects, portfolios, and organizations using the PCF system. The tools and mechanism(s) of the PCF system are the contribution of this thesis.The use of Lean Management and Complexity Science to study PP&C in AEC projects suggests a potential future line of inquiry.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Thesis advisor: | Cárdenas, L F A |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | benchmarking; case study; complexity; complexity science; healthcare; highway; production planning; project delivery; regulation; reliability; uncertainty; workflow |
| Index terms: | economic activity, interaction, construction industry, variability, project delivery, propagation, dynamics, capital project, mining, cost overrun, case study, workflow, benchmarking, housing, project complexity, complexity, construction project, evidence, regulation, strategy, face, science, production planning |
| Subjects: | production management, organizational theory, behavioral psychology, evaluation and assessment methods, construction type, specialized education, psychology, strategic project management, economic analysis, management, performance measurement, geotechnical engineering, political science, statistical analysis, systems engineering, industry analysis, engineering process, data collection methods, financial and cost management, project delivery |
| Topics: | Project Management, Engineering Principles, Procurement, Quality Management, Education, Business Strategy, Cost Management, Research Practice, Construction Technology, Governance, Organizational Design |
| Descriptive scope: | 5 PCTEA |
N.B. Descriptive scope is a count of how many of the five facets of empirical research are indicated by the words used in title, abstract and keywords. It is not intended as a judgement on the research; merely a count of the kind of word we would expect to indicate Phenomenon, Concepts, Theoretical framing, Empirical techniques, Analytical techniques. If all five are present, then a code of “5 PCTEA” will indicate this. If you feel the coding for this record is questionable, we welcome discussion around the terms we matched or the way we categorized them. The facet you would expect may not be coded, or a facet may be coded inappropriately. This can also bear on a larger question, of which facets should be treated as defining in construction management research. Please get in touch, and we will look at it. More details here