Determining factors and strategies to promote construction and demolition waste management on a local scale

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) management has attracted growing interest amongst the research community, especially in terms of the implementation of circular economy principles in the construction sector, mainly due to the large amount of waste generated. The problem has been explored through different approaches and in various contexts, but knowledge gaps persist within the study of proximity dynamics. Therefore, this research project focuses its analysis on the study of behaviour change in CDW management on a local scale, converging on the role of municipalities and micro and small construction companies, from an operational perspective. For this, research questions were formulated related to the study of the determining factors for CDW management on the local scale; with the deepening of knowledge regarding the reality of illegal dumping of CDW, which is a problem involving the identified stakeholders; and with the implementation of intervention strategies to promote the improvement of the management of this waste stream. The research project approached the topic in a transdisciplinary way, selecting different research methods, including a literature review, a survey by questionnaire, workshops, and fieldwork, as a way to integrate different realities, with different approaches, contributing to the adaptation of research tasks, but also leaving a more solid research contribution for researchers, technicians, policy-makers and authorities. In terms of results, there are determining factors for CDW management that are common to municipalities and to micro and small construction companies, such as the lack of proximity facilities and equipment for the waste management generated, or the need to address knowledge gaps. On the other hand, the size of construction companies is a determining factor, with micro and small construction companies presenting specific constraints, and municipalities above all identifying the need for cooperation between entities as a key factor. Illegal dumping is still a problem that results from the constraints identified, and one which is of particular importance from both the point of view of the behaviour of abandonment, and the loss of resources, but also because of the cost of cleaning actions for municipalities. At the level of the intervention strategies tested, local CDW management facilities and a proximity approach involving the municipal technicians and representatives of construction companies, or applicants for processes, can lead to very favourable results, with direct implications for behaviours acquired over time, and also in cost reduction. However, all these strategies must be accompanied by robust and frequent capacitation, training and supervision actions.