The role of architects representative institutions in São Paulo estate during the military regime (1964-1985)

In Brazil, in the midst of the Military Regime (1964-1985), the profession of the architect went through a series of transformations that impacted not only their education, but also their organization as a professional category among its representative institutions. The Institute of Architects of Brazil, São Paulo nucleus (IAB/SP), a pioneer entity, was installed in the capital of São Paulo, in 1943, with the objective of promoting and establishing the professional field of the architect. In 1971, the Institute was responsible for the creation of the Architects Trade Union (SASP) and in 1973, the Brazilian Association of Schools of Architecture (ABEA). This action was part of a strategic positioning that sought to encompass all areas that involved the professional category (disclosure of the profession, security for workers and the quality of education) and was called "tripod policy". As a research hypothesis, it was established that the creation of new Institutions, their consolidation and subsequent construction of identities, were strategies sought by architects to face the economic and political conjuncture during the Military Regime. This work aims to investigate the role of entities representing the profession and the education of the architect during the Military Regime in the State of São Paulo - IAB / SP, SASP and ABEA. Through primary sources, publications and events promoted by the entities, as well as journals and magazines of that time, the performance of the institutions was revealed, sometimes jointly, sometimes independently. It was possible to identify the actions of the institutions in two distinct stages. The first one, between 1973 and 1979, when there was an intense joint activity between the three institutions and, a second phase, between the 1980s and 1985, in which there was a reorganization of the performance of each one, reflecting changes in their practices and in the search for different directions for their actions. IAB / SP, SASP and ABEA collaborated with each other, aiming at the recognition of the profession, the creation of an autonomous council and a new minimum curriculum. On the other hand, they differed on the expansion of the number of schools and the precarious situation that the profession faced, weakening the positioning of the category collectively. Finally, the three institutions played a key role during the Military Regime, being the ultimate democratic space for the defense of the profession and the training of architects.