Building bridges: Gender equity, inclusion, and belonging in construction

Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory served as a theoretical framework to examine how multiple environmental systems influence women's sense of belonging in the U.S. construction industry. The primary purpose was to understand how women develop and maintain a sense of belonging within the U.S. construction industry, guided by two research questions: (1) What is the experience of belonging for women in the construction industry? and (2) What are the supports and barriers for belonging for women in the construction industry? Using a qualitative approach, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 women representing diverse roles (field, office-based, and leadership positions) and career stages (early, mid, and late-career) in the construction industry. Data analysis through thematic coding and constant comparative methods identified emergent patterns and themes that shape women's belonging: professional competence (emphasized by 67% of participants), relationship networks (83%), and industry systems (92%). Technical expertise served as a fundamental validator of belonging, particularly for early-career professionals, while professional networks provided crucial support mechanisms, especially in office-based roles. Industry systems, including corporate policies and established practices, emerged as the most pervasive influence on women's sense of belonging. These findings contribute to both theory and practice by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding women's experiences in construction and informing recommendations for organizations to foster more inclusive environments. The study suggests that meaningful improvement in women's belonging requires coordinated transformation at both organizational and industry-wide levels, including intentional relationship-building opportunities, formalized mentorship programs, and systemic policy changes.