Innovative strategies to prevent flooding in buildings and infrastructure in Nigeria

Purpose – Flooding poses a critical threat to buildings and infrastructure in Nigeria, exacerbated by rapid urbanization, inadequate drainage systems and climate change. Despite the severity of this issue, existing flood prevention measures remain fragmented and ineffective. This study aims to explore innovative strategies to enhance flood resilience in buildings and infrastructure, offering sustainable, cost-effective and scalable solutions tailored to Nigeria's built environment. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-methods approach was adopted, integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses. Subject matter experts and flood-affected residents in Lagos and Anambra were interviewed using a semi-structured approach, while construction professionals and residents were administered structured questionnaires. Statistical techniques, including the Kruskal–Wallis H-test and exploratory factor analysis, were used to identify and validate key strategies. Findings – Four strategic clusters emerged: structural adaptations; natural and green infrastructure; water management and mitigation; and planning and community strategies. These clusters provide a holistic framework for flood prevention, incorporating sustainable design, advanced construction techniques and community-driven initiatives. Practical implications – This study advocates for integrating flood-resistant materials, green infrastructure and participatory flood management into existing governance frameworks. Addressing institutional and financial constraints is crucial to scaling these interventions across Nigeria. Originality/value – This study offers actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners and construction stakeholders. It presents a localized yet adaptable approach to flood prevention, serving as a model for other developing nations facing similar challenges.