Malekaee Ashtiyani, F; Karimi Gavareshki, M H and Gheidar-Kheljani, J (2026) AI-based multi-layer framework for monitoring productivity and coordinating subcontractors in construction projects. International Journal of Construction Management, 26(5), pp. 905-924. ISSN 1562-3599
Abstract
The construction industry continues to face significant challenges in productivity management, subcontractor coordination and schedule adherence. Traditional monitoring methods are labor-intensive, error-prone and often fail to support proactive decision-making. This study proposes an integrated, AI-based framework to address these issues through a combination of real-time activity recognition, delay prediction and strategic subcontractor management. The proposed three-layer framework integrates: (1) a CNN-YOLOv8 model for automated detection and classification of on-site activities, workers and machinery, (2) a Bayesian Network for probabilistic modeling of productivity and delay risks based on real-time and contextual factors and (3) a Game Theory-based model to optimize subcontractor bidding strategies, resource allocation and incentive distribution using Nash Equilibrium dynamics. The proposed integrated system was evaluated using a simulated construction project, demonstrating a 50% reduction in project delays, a 13.3% increase in productivity and improved fairness in resource allocation among subcontractors. Statistical metrics and visualizations confirmed model effectiveness in real-world conditions. This study contributes a novel integration of AI-based visual monitoring, probabilistic forecasting and strategic modeling to support real-time, data-driven construction management. The approach enhances operational efficiency, reduces cost and promotes fair subcontractor collaboration—offering practical value for project managers in complex construction environments.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bayesian networks; CNN-yolo; construction productivity; delay prediction; game theory; real-time monitoring; subcontractor collaboration |
| Index terms: | collaboration, construction project, decision-making, integration, visualization, bidding, subcontractor, project delay, face, strategy, subcontractor coordination, game theory, monitoring, subcontractor management, dynamics, fairness, visual monitoring, effectiveness, integrated system, construction productivity, construction industry, modelling, resource allocation, efficiency, forecasting, project manager, productivity, bayesian network, activity recognition |
| Subjects: | data collection methods, profession, design methods, control systems, modelling and simulation, prediction and forecasting, resource management, decision models, management, design practice, performance management, organizational analysis, project controls, probabilistic model, decision analysis, industry analysis, systems engineering, practitioner, psychology, operations management, bidding, analytical methods, production management, contract management, leadership |
| Topics: | Roles and Professions, Business Strategy, Research Practice, Organizational Design, Site Management, Time Control, Contract Administration, Digital Applications, Design Practice, Risk Management, Procurement, Engineering Principles, Project Management, Quality Management |
| Descriptive scope: | 5 PCTEA |
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