What kind of expertise is needed for low energy construction?

Three possible transition pathways to an energy efficient future - market-based, ecological modernisation, and radical transformation - are considered for the construction industry, responsible for 40% of European Union end-use emissions. Considerable obstacles to achieving low energy construction (LEC) are evident in the UK, and to a greater or lesser extent other European Union countries, including: a performance gap between design intention and on-site energy performance; sharp occupational interfaces where the main heat losses occur; declines in the level, breadth and quality of construction vocational education and training (VET); and the lack of a learning infrastructure on sites. Near zero energy building is very different from traditional forms, requiring greater 'thermal literacy' of all construction occupations, higher qualification levels, broader occupational profiles, integrated teamworking rather than self-employment and extended subcontracting chains, and better communication given the complex work processes involved. The paper argues that the required expertise is relative to the transition pathway adopted and in the UK a radical transformation of the existing structure of VET provision and of employment is needed for trainees and the workforce to acquire enhanced understanding of LEC, based on a broader concept of agency and backed up by rigorous enforcement of standards. At the same time, this radical transformation opens up the industry to greater diversity and inclusivity. It draws on research on a large-scale Canadian-coordinated project on Climate Change and Work and on interviews on construction sites and in college.