Constraints to the use of off-site production on construction projects

Off-site production (OSP) has been promoted as one of the solutions to the industry's performance problems. Numerous works have demonstrated the possible benefits of adopting such approaches to construction projects, yet uptake has been slow. Addressing these concerns, a series of factors were identified that affect the use of OSP within construction projects. From these factors a pattern emerged in which some factors drove OSP adoption, whereas others constrained its implementation. These constraints were investigated further using a questionnaire survey that was sent to all major stakeholders, ranging from clients through to end manufacturers. The extent to which the constraints inhibit the use of OSP were ascertained, scored and ranked. Four broad constraint themes emerged from the findings, namely process, value, supply-chain and knowledge constraints. A model illustrating the relationship between the four themes provides further insight into the constraints to OSP uptake. The authors further suggest that a broader understanding of the constraints is required, arguing that although OSP can contribute to change in the industry, it itself depends on change in order to be widely adopted.