Discrete event simulation: A vital tool for a concurrent life cycle design

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether discrete event simulation (DES) can be equally utilised in the design phase of the architecture, engineering and construction industry (AEC) projects to achieve a more efficient facility layout. Facility design is a complex process involving diverse disciplines, tasks, tools and events. Integrating key participants involved in the design generally leads to a more satisfied end-user. The AEC thoroughly examined different approaches to enhance this integration through improved communication, visualisation and coordination among the different project participants. DES has been used extensively as a tool for analysis and evaluation, especially during the construction process. Design/methodology/approach - A facility planning framework is illustrated that combines both qualitative and quantitative analysis to achieve a performance-driven design. An investigative qualitative research approach is used to determine the design criteria and performance metrics based on the end-user and authority requirements. This approach is achieved by conducting critical reviews, surveys, focus groups and interviews. The research findings and collected data are used to perform a quantitative analysis to determine the effectiveness of the proposed design if constructed using DES. The potential of the method is shown through a case study to design a mall parking facility. Findings - The case study illustrated the capability of DES to improve construction design by comparing the artificially designed facility following the proposed framework to an existing facility. Increasing customer satisfaction by enhancing safety, minimising waiting time and maximising parking spot availability were the performance metrics used to evaluate the designs. DES was used as a tool to measure these criteria. Utilising DES in facility design increased resource utilisation and resulted in a safer layout that satisfied the end-user, client and authority requirements. Originality/value - Previous studies focused on integrating other modules such as energy, HVAC, lighting, acoustics and life cycle analysis to achieve a performance-driven design. The overwhelming majority of the literature focused on the use of DES for improving construction operations. Research literature about integrating DES as a tool for concurrent life cycle design was scarce. This research demonstrated that DES is an effective method and a vital key for determining the facility’s operational efficiency after construction.