Three methods for verifying and validating the simulation of a construction operation

A simulation model must be verified to confirm that it describes correctly its intended real world process under study; moreover, the simulation results obtained must be a valid representation of the process. This study presents three activity-based white-box methods for assisting a user in verifying and validating construction simulations. The first method reports a simulation by listing all activities in the chronological order of their executions, so that a user can contrast the simulated progress against the actual progress in the real world. The second method summarizes the operating counts and mean durations of all activities over the simulated time period, to enable a user to evaluate whether all activities have been executed correctly during simulation. The third method generates an activity cycle report for any selected resource entity, so that a user can examine whether the entity is moving in the correct logical and chronological order during simulation. The three methods can be used jointly to debug a simulation model, so as to confirm that the simulation is correctly conducted and the obtained results are valid. The three methods are implemented in a simulation system in the form of corresponding reports. A concreting process is employed to illustrate these methods.